184. WHAT IS SURPLUS VALUE THEORY.?

                                           184. WHAT IS "SURPLUS VALUE THEORY"?

(Through "SURPLUS VALUE THEORY" Karl Marx convincing working class and others how the "man power exploitation" being carried out)

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Here I am trying to give a brief of SURPLUS VALUE THEORY of Karl Marx; where Karl Marx gives us elaborately in his books and also we can see in so many books with every details. Please consider the limit of this space; this may please treat only a hint. In a capitalist society; goods formation is only with a view to make profit. In his famous work; "DAS CAPITAL" he starts with the sentence; "The wealth of those societies in which the capitalist mode of production prevails, presents itself as “an immense accumulation of commodities,” and he examines "COMMODITY" in various aspects. He describes that anything can be made out (commodity) only using the manpower of workers and we get value for anything only by joining together with man power.

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 The exploitation of labor power is only one element in the exploitation of the wealthy classes going on all working people, including the working class and farmers. Real exploitation is spiritual exploitation. Their real argument is that actual life is not life on earth; real life is only after death of every one. Actual spiritual exploitation, which begins with the idea that real life is after everyone's death. Exploitation of labor power is only part of it. Those who decide that a country should be governed on the basis of any religion, govern by making fools of the entire society. Because their basic policy is anti-science. Not only in India, the stand of RELIGIONS are as a world level, to prevent reaching education to poor peoples, especially to women.

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A "commodity" should have three values; 1. Production value; 2. Use value and 3.Exchange value. We can assess the production value of a commodity; and it is connected with exchange value. But use value of anything is immeasurable; such as food; medicine etc. But anything to be marketed should have use value. For making commodities with a view to sale in market they (Capitalist) ought to have the manpower of workers; and Marx says that he purchase manpower of workers as a commodity for making commodities from the market of workers. Marx says that the manpower of workers as a commodity also have production value; use value and exchange value. The value of manpower as a commodity should have the consideration of ensuring the availability in future also. So it must be ensured his family life also. Marx separated the manpower of worker into single unit of hours; days; months and years. Anything to be sold should have some utility value; (use value) otherwise nobody will purchase the commodity. The use value cannot be assessed as medicine; food; drinking water; etc. But we can assess the production value. Anybody who are making commodities for sale something with engaging worker or workers with a view to get profit should have purchase manpower from worker. For engaging workers for making commodities; they pay for workers as value of manpower as a commodity. The working hours of worker at the time of 19th Century was 10 hours and above. Marx divided working hours of one day work of labour into two divisions and when paying wage for one day; ie, for 10 hours; Marx says that the worker had done his work for the wage within the first half of the day work. And the next half portion of his work will get the capitalist without paying wage. Actual surplus value is within this second half of working hours.

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Marx divided a working day into two parts to demonstrate the economic exploitation experienced by every worker. Marx established that the worker does the work necessary for the wage he is paid in the first half of the working day, and that the second half of the working day is spent doing more than the wage he is paid - a surplus. The second half contains the "exploitation of labor power" experienced by the worker. That is the basis of the theory of surplus value. Considering the changes in the mode of commodity production since Marx's time, the capitalist will get at least one hour's extra labor power from a modern worker who works eight hours. What is being said here is about a worker's day, and it should be taken into account in terms of weeks, months, and years. If a firm has at least a thousand workers, the employer gets a thousand hours in a day. That should be calculated in weeks, months, and years. It should be calculated in weeks, months and years. If there are at least 50 Crores workers out of 140 Crores people in India, then Indian capitalism gets 50 Crores hours in a day. This also should be calculated for weeks, months, years together. Marx also established in his economic research that the basis of the wealth that "God" gives to capitalists is actually created by them solely through the exploitation of the labor power of the worker. What has happened  to the Communists Parties  in India since the 1950s is that when capitalism is promoted, none of this can be said to the working class along with social justice of socialism.

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Marx preparing the subject in the half of 19th century; circumstances changed in many aspects. But at present; we can consider that at least; a portion of manpower of every employ will get the capitalist without paying wage every day; ie, at least one hour (minimum) from a worker per day out of 8 hours; and if there is 100 workers in a firm; he will get 100 hours per day; and he earns the hours together for week; month; and years together. Here, we count only one hour per worker; but actually the hours will increase according to the situation. Marx says that in capitalism; every worker of the country ought to spend his manpower for the capitalist for his existence; and the capitalist will make sure to exploit more and more in any way to make more money. Actually this is the base of capitalist form of exploitation and the clue of the wealth of bourgeois and elite world which are hidden secret of the wealth, but they claim as "GIFT OF GOD". When "COMMUNIST MOVEMENTS" deciding to establish "SOCIALIST SOCIETY", only they are deciding to stop the "MAN POWER EXPLOITATION ON WORKING CLASS". In India; at least 50 crores hours of manpower will get CAPITALISM per day. If per day, the country will get 50 Croress. hours of man power, we should count this as one month, one year and years together. Dear Comrades, in a socialist country, these will be a huge wealth of the country, and through these wealth; we can make the country as "heaven" in the earth; as Jesus prayed to the GOD, "all amenities in the heaven; may kindly be available in the "EARTH" also." This is the main reason, why CHINA is going forward; than the CAPITALIST "HEAVEN" of USA. This is only a minimum guess; and this will get the nation; if India is SOCIALIST country and this can be used for the welfare of the nation and for increasing the welfare of the working class; and poor peoples those who are actually creating the wealth of the country.

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As per "SURPLUS VALUE THEORY", out of 8 hours of per day work, at least one hour man power will get the employer without payment of wage. If thousand employees working in a firm, thousand hours of manpower will get the employer per day. This must be calculated for one week, month and years together. In India, we can count as at least 50 Crores workers working and 50 Crores hours of manpower will get employers and thus capitalism will get this amount per day. When conducting "ALL INDIA STRIKE", the day after the strikes, the news will be "10,000 CRORES NATIONAL LOSS" is based on this. But they will not admit the "PROFIT" of all other working days. (Here is the necessity we demanding that PSUS should be strictly kept only under PUBLIC OWNERSHIP, as the value of man power will be utilised for the wel beings of the public and working class in total). Admitting Indian "CONSTITUTION" means admitting the contents of "SOCIALIST" also. When admitting the target of SOCIALIST INDIA, we can present that by using this value, the whole country can be built up as heaven in the EARTH. The "strength" behind CHINA is only it get the surplus value of manpower of employeees to the nation. If INDIA is also in the way of SOCIALISM, certainly INDIA will overcome CHINA also within a short period, as the natural resources of India are far better than China. The total assets of the country can be utilized for the whole of the nation in a SOCIALIST SOCIETY, but in CAPITALISM, the same will be with a very few and nobody have its benefits as "nature" have decided anything which can be utilized by each living thing. There is no scarcity for oxygen, but nobody can use more which nature have decided.

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SURPLUS VALUE SHOULD BE CONNECTED WITH USE VALUE, (IT IS IMMEASURABLE, BUT USING THE MANPOWER OF EMPLOY/WORKER), SHOULD NOT BE WITH THE EXCHANGE VALUE OF THE COMMODITY. ENSURE THE "LIFE" OF WORKER ALSO IN FEASIBLE ATMOSPHERE. IT SHOULD BE DONE, REPEATING, IT SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED. (As bourgeois trying to exploit worker more and more and BJP GOVT. extended working hours upto 12 hours as they are considering workers as "SHUDRAS" and as per MANUSMRUTHI, Chapter 7, shudras are not eligible for earning wealth as they will not do their slavery duty if they earning wealth. So BJP denying all permanent employment to them).

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Admitting Indian Constitution means admitting SOCIALISM as well. The MODERN PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY facilitates to reach the justice of MARXISM AND SOCIALISM in common people which were impossible during the period of OCTOBER REVOLUTION, 1917. No one has determined the "model" of socialism in all countries. The exploiters are trying to establish that because the old Soviet Union is gone, socialism and Marxism also vanished. The co-operation of the people in democracy is also more effective in the socialist method of goods production. The fact that parliamentary democracy has no legal barriers to bring socialist ideas among the people makes socialism more popular. Such were not the conditions in Russia in 1917 when the October Revolution took place. The opinion of some people that parliamentary democracy is not suitable for scientific socialism is only an expression of opinion arising from ignorance of what is Marxism and socialism.

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In a capitalist system dominated by wealth, the wage to the worker is ensured by capitalist exploitation. A fact that Marx points out is that the bourgeoisie exploits the labour-power of the worker. That is why Marx converts labor power into units of hours. It is only in the SOCIALIST SYSTEM admitted Marxism that the life of the worker can be protected in all spheres by ensuring the dignity of work and the worker. Through organizations employees can earn higher wages to some extent in the establishments where more workers are employed, but if we consider the country as a whole, it can be understood that most of the workers are working in the unorganized sector. They can only be protected by the socialist society which can guarantee the protection of all the workers, considering that all the wealth of the country is produced by the workers. A capitalist system based solely on selfishness is always concerned only with how it can cheat the working people and how it can increase its own wealth.

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Marx says; the unity of working class can change their fate if they establishing a socialist society. ***** AS CPI AND CPI(M) DECIDING TO PROMOTE CAPITALISM; IT CANNOT BE TOLD ABOUT THE SURPLUS VALUE THEORY OF KARL MARX, BECAUSE THAT WILL CERTAINLY CREATE AN ADVERSE EFFECT TO CAPITALISM. SO AS FAR AS POSSIBLE; SURPLUS VALUE THEORY SHOULD BE KEPT AS TOP SECRET FROM WORKING CLASS AND COMMON PEOPLES.

 

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188. SOCIAL IMPACT OF "SURPLUS VALUE THEORY".

Through analysing the production of CAPITALIST METHOD of commodities; Karl Marx could understood not only the gravity of exploitation of workers in capitalism; but also the history of mankind starting from the old slavery system; slaves and others is being continues. In history; the slaves were not considered as human beings; only "subjects"; and anybody could handle slaves for their pleasure in any way. The slaves had no right to say about thrust for water; hungry for food or pain. From the history of slaves; Marx says that “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles”; "CLASS STRUGGLE" were started and in the early stage of "STATE" functioned for the safety of owners of slaves and how the slavery system could be chained in laws.

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In the history; "STATE" always functioned for protecting the wealth those who possessed and enjoying the wealth and depressing those who actually created the wealth. Through the sufferings of slaves; the world famous historical assets of mankind built up like Egyptian Pyramids; the Great Chinese Wall and the great Taj Mahal; Ajantha-Ellora cave temples and other stone temples all over India etc. etc. Through the sufferings of old slaves; not only the historical assets all over the world; but also we are obliged to them for our cultural assets also. Almost all Great Kingdoms all over the world was built up on the blood and flesh of old slaves; where all our literal assets formed. The history of "Spartacus" of old Rome told us about ancient sufferings of slaves. Through the study of production system of commodities in capitalism; Marx could understood the secrete of accumulation of wealth of the "ELITE GROUP" and he says that there was no contribution of GOD; but only cruelty without considering slaves as human beings.

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In this aspect the "MATERIALISM" of Marxism works out. Marx and Angles considered the gradual growth of Mankind from the beginning stage of humanity; as one side of a coin and the other side is our commitment to the sacrifices of old slaves; which enables us a strong base of scientific approach of MARXISM as HISTORICAL MATERIALISM. Actual growth of mankind is on the sacrifices of old slaves for which we should obliged to them. But the slavery system of 18th century conducted in Africa; by capturing "BLACKS" and selling them almost all parts of the world would not come under the so called ancient slavery system; instead only cruelty of capitalism developed in 18th and 19th century. In capitalism; the wealth of the society is actually creating by Working class; suffering all risks and even losing their life; are always suffering poverty and hardships; while the Elite group enjoying everything in the midst of luxury. So; Karl Marx made the historical call to world Working Class; “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Workers of the world, unite!”. Unfortunately in India the working class movement of India decided to promote Indian capitalism; since 1950s due to some misunderstandings; that when capitalism grew considerably; the bourgeois will decide to establish SOCIALISM as a measure of world wide will power of somebody. Actually this was the contribution of Cruehschave who became the Secretary of old Soviet Union; after the demise of Joseph Stalin. They ignored everything of Karl Marx and Lenin's words; why they reiterated the necessity of proletarian dictatorship; the history of capitalism; and how can working class co-operate with capitalism. So; after 1950s of Indian politics; we can see utter stagnation of growth rate and working class gathered in bourgeois ideology and bourgeois political parties.

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The "communist" leadership in India, which unfortunately did not understood

much about Marxist ideas, decided in the 1950s that Indian capitalism

should be "promoted". The communist movement in India was destroyed when

the practitioners of a philosophy designed to wipe out "capitalism"

from the world decided to "promote" capitalism. But the parties CPI and

CPI(M) are not ready to make a radical change from their 1950s stand. In

the last 23rd Party Congress of CPI(M) in 2022, it

was also decided that "no change in the party program is necessary". As

an ordinary CPI(M) member I am trying to convince the facts since 2002

but not ready to change the position of "superior elements" concerned.

Democracy is a social system that came into being after monarchy. In a

democracy "political power" rests with the people. If the people are

convinced of what "socialism" is, then the working class and the people

will carry out the task of transforming it into a social system. But the

position of the "communist" leaders in India is that they will not even

say the word "socialism" in any way. Lenin was not ready to postpone

the target of MARXSISM, that is SOCIALISM in any circumstances. He had

full confidence in the theory of MARXSISM and which proved in the first

stage of SOVIET UNION and the victory over Germany in 2nd WORLD WAR.

Unfortunately in India, nobody can convince Indian "COMMUNIST" (ANTI)

leaders. So they are promoting capitalism since 1950s, for the last 73

years.

..............17th January, 2017.................