93(a).BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS (DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTIONS).
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Karl Marx considers periods based on economic systems. Marx does not consider monarchies at all. During the slave era, the number of slaves was the measure of economic power. They were the ones who decided the kings. The king would be the most important among them. In feudalism, "lords" were owners of large tracts of land and had their own armies. Their job was to assist the king in wars and other matters. Mostly they were known as "local kings". Thus, the "aristocrats" who had all the power are no longer anywhere in India. While the "hegemony" of the aristocracy has disappeared, the hegemony of the "capitalists" is the hegemony of capital (money). Democracy should be dominated by the people. That should not be the case; the capitalists should dominate. That is the basis for the Communist Parties in India promoting "CAPITALISM".
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In European countries after demolishing "FEUDALISM" (DICTATORSHIP OF KING) (most probably it was armed revolutions); bourgeois were formed BOURGEOIS PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY. Almost all the European countries it was conducted through armed revolutions. In 17th-18th century due to the industrial revolution in European countries; a new economically strong wing became more powerful than the feudal lords and the feudal lords became weak economically. The new economically power wing (bourgeois) had not any kind of political power; (which was among the King and feudal lords) (their lands were not in their custody, which was possessed by the bourgeois on very few $ on lease; started agitations for parliamentary democracy with the support of working class which was ended in parliamentary democracy under the leadership of bourgeois.
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But in old RUSSIA, it was done by BOLSHEVIK Party (Communist Party, Soviet Union) through the famous "OCTOBER REVOLUTION" in 1917 under the leadership of V I LENIN. Through October Revolution, the TSAR KINGDOM were eliminated.
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In a book of V I Lenin, it was specifically stating that the independence strikes in Colonial countries will end in independence and which will capable for establishing bourgeois parliamentary democracies (bourgeois revolutions) also. Even though Lenin was demised in 1924 itself, his words were became true in establishing parliamentary democracy also. Now in India, there is existing a best Parliamentary Democracy in its full meaning. Any Anti-Social political parties such as Hindhuthwa BJP etc. violating basic democratic principles, it cannot be considered the defect of democracy. There is no feudalism in its real meanings, in India but only to a certain extents. The 4 castes system prevailing in India is very much helpful for the rapid development of capitalism and which enables the bourgeois to exploit the poor peoples and working class. The growth of Indian bourgeois like AMBANI; ADANI; ETC. are clear evidences for this. This can be overcome only through the process of establishing "peoples" democracy and socialist economy.
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In the post-independence era, there were more than five hundred princely states in India. Kerala at that time included Travancore; Kochi; and Malabar (Zamuthiri kings). The Congress government that came to power under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, using the Indian Army under the leadership of Vallabhbhai Patel, merged them all into the Indian Union. It can be considered as the bourgeois revolution that took place in India, because it was with it that the monarchy in India completely disappeared. There is no monarchy anywhere in India now. What is thought to exist now is the monopoly on land, which is part of capitalism. But they haven't any kind of political powers or privileges which had existed in "MONARCHY". As was done in Kerala, the limits of land ownership can be decided in individual states or by passing a law in Parliament. No one except those who accept Marxism will do that because domination of the land is essential for exploiting the poor. The Communist leadership in the 1950s did not understand that. That is why some people are still saying that the bourgeois revolutions are not over. If anybody rigid in it, that bourgeoisie should be done such things, the result will be the party will only disappear. If we accept the goal of socialism and mobilize the people for it, we will only achieve the desired goal if we gain a majority in the Indian Parliament. The only reason for doubting it is because don't know what Marxism is. While science is changing rapidly, capitalism will never reach a stage of full growth. Marx considered the "English East India Company" that founded the "British Empire" on which the sun never set, which existed in Marx's time. It no longer exists. Its owners were the British nobility of the time.
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Actually they were "BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS" as it was the necessity of Indian BOURGEOIS to begin Indian Parliamentary Democracy. But when admitted Indian Constitution on January 26, 1950 admitting adult suffrage, each citizen holding political power also, irrespective of bourgeois or not. Due to ignorance of everything, Indian Communist leaders arguing that "BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS" not yet completed.
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SOMEBODY CONSIDERING THAT BOURGEOIS WILL CONDUCT LAND REFORMS IN INDIA AND ACCORDING TO THEM "LAND REFORMS" ARE "BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS". IT IS ONLY FOOLISHNESS. ONLY THOSE WHO ARE ADMITTING MARXISM, THERE ARE CLASSIFICATIONS SUCH AS FEUDALISM, CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM, COMMUNISM ETC. AND THEY ARE THINKING THAT "BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS" SHOULD CONDUCT BOURGEOIS. IT IS UTTER FOOLISHNESS. IN HISTORY, WHEN THE PROCESS OF REMOVING THE "KINGS" WERE GOING ON, BOURGEOIS HAD DONE IT, AND THAT WAS THEIR NECESSITY. IN INDIA, THEY ARE HOLDING ACTUAL "POWER" AND LAND REFORMS ARE NOT THEIR NECESSITY. ONLY COMMUNISTS CAN DO IT AND IN OLD RUSSIA, IT WAS DONE BY UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF LENIN. TO BOURGEOIS, THEY WANT ONLY MONEY, POWER AND THEIR WEAPON IS ONLY SELFISHNESS. "SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS" IS ONLY THE QUALITY OF COMMUNISTS AND SHOULD NOT EXPECT FROM BOURGEOIS POLITICIANS.
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Some comrades arguing that in India; democratic revolutions have to be done. I don't know actually what they means. The Parliamentary Democracy existing in India is one of the best in the world. The election of AAP at Delhi (2020) is proves this. Our Constitution is "Sovereign; Secular; Socialist Democratic Republic". But the society is a capitalist one and money is behind everything is a fact. As our stand is to promote CAPITALISM; and as long as continuing this stand; we are arm-less and enemy-less to fight. When decided to promote capitalism; all bourgeois and bourgeois political parties became our friends; so SA Dange and others argued for co-operation with them. All world countries like USA; England; France etc. became our friends; because of this USA offered to give classes for us. Unfortunately the theory of class-struggle was vanished. If we are preparing to bath, there is no need of anxiety of our body foul smell which will definitely washed away while bathing. But there must be some basic understandings about Marxism and for what purpose it was invented by Marx and Angels.
At present we are not considering bourgeois and bourgeois political parties on the spirit of class struggle attitude. If so, there will not be a question of supporting Congress in any way. We are not bothering about the influence of RELIANCE, etc. and how they cheating; exploiting working class and poor men. Our fight must be for PEOPLES DEMOCRACY; with "SOCIALIST ECONOMY" which will not our present "PEOPLES DEMOCRACY" which is only capitalism because the class structure of the present "peoples democracy" is "bourgeois democracy" (See the book of Com.EMS, Arts & Science of Working Class Politics) for which we calls - 'CAPITALISM' and for this bourgeois will say "democracy" (freedom for anything to make money; more & more). When admitting SOCIALIST ECONOMY THROUGH PEOPLES DEMOCRACY only our party on actual Marxism.
(Feudalism is KINGS' RULE and there were no option to change the Government; only possibility is to remove or kill the KING. That is democratic revolution or bourgeois revolution. There is no such situation in India. Since 1952, India is a "REPUBLIC" and no feudalism in India.
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Those who handling "MARXISM" using some technical words without understanding its actual meaning and they themselves deciding some "meanings" which causing some serious troubles in WORKING CLASS MOVEMENT in India since 1950s itself. One of the word is "BOURGEOIS REVOLUTIONS". Its actual meaning is ending "MONARCY" and transferring powers to actual "PEOPLES". Even K DAMODARAN AND EMS, the known "MARXISTS" of 1950s also were ignorant about the real meaning and so they decided the ownership in landed property as "FEUDALISM". Actually it is only foolishness as in actual feudalism, the "LAND LORDS" had worked with some extra powers, even judicial powers with death punishment and such powers were assigned them by the "KING" and the "KINGS" were considered as the delegate of the "GOD". Those were only a part of "HISTORY" and nothing existing at present. But the "MASTERS OF MARXISM" of CPI(M) are regularly giving "CLASSES" to those poor comrades entering the party even since 1950s; and at present working also with the same meaning of feudalism what was only in history.
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Their another decision is that "MATERIALISM AND DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM" will not affect INDIA, as INDIA is "ARSHA BHARATHA" and nobody can do anything to the culture of "ARSHA BHARATHA". Nobody can correct them as "DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM" is only the scientific approach of MARXISM and even the breathing of everybody is only an example of it. Another example is "MOUTH" and "ANUS" as it is impossible to remove one of it. Actually "ARSHA BHARATHA" stories are only imaginary stories such as "AIR" can gave birth to living things like HANUMAN, BIMAN etc.; the mighty "SUN" could gave birth to child like "KARNA" etc. Only fools can believe such stories were part of history. Materialism and dialectical materialism are tools to find out the actual facts.But nothing will reach up to CPI(M) "MASTERS OF MARXISM" and their another decision is only "PROMOTING CAPITALISM" is MARXISM will continue for ever and the same is continuing for the last 74 years.
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31 03 2015 .. ..
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